Square technique-A treatment for cellulite with large size particle hyaluronic acid.

Gynoid lipodystrophy, also called cellulite, is defined as a metabolic disorder of the subcutaneous tissue that alters body contour. It is rare in men but affects 80%-90% of adult women.The authors describe a technique for the treatment of cellulite with non-traumatic subcisionTM of septa by cannula associated with large-gel-particle hyaluronic acid (HA). It uses a special marking, a safe plan and a specific product. The product being used is Subskin Aeskins, in a subcutaneous plan as no major blood vessels were found.The authors report good aesthetic results with the proposed technique. The patients reported a high degree of satisfaction.The product chosen has high G prime and large particles, which accounts for resistance to deformation and a high lifting power. Moreover, HA is a biocompatible, absorbable product and considered a safe filler. This technique allows the treatment of an area with various surface irregularities.The Square Technique proved to be a minimally invasive technique, with fast results, no major risks and little downtime, bringing satisfaction to patients and improving their self-confidence and quality of life.

Multiple contact zones and karyotypic evolution in a neotropical frog species complex.

Previous studies of DNA sequence and karyotypic data have revealed high genetic diversity in the Physalaemus cuvieri - Physalaemus ephippifer species complex-a group of small leptodactylid frogs in South America. To date, seven major genetic lineages have been recognized in this group, with species delimitation tests supporting four to seven of them as valid species. Among these, only P. ephippifer shows heteromorphic sex chromosomes, but the implications of cytogenetic divergence for the evolution of this group are unknown. We analyzed karyotypic, mitochondrial DNA, and 3RAD genomic data to characterize a putative contact zone between P. ephippifer and P. cuvieri Lineage 1, finding evidence for admixture and karyotypic evolution. We also describe preliminary evidence for admixture between two other members of this species complex-Lineage 1 and Lineage 3 of P. cuvieri. Our study sheds new light on evolutionary relationships in the P. cuvieri - P. ephippifer species complex, suggesting an important role of karyotypic divergence in its evolutionary history and underscoring the importance of hybridization as a mechanism of sex chromosome evolution in amphibians.

High diversity of 5S ribosomal DNA and evidence of recombination with the satellite DNA PcP190 in frogs.

Distinct types of 5S rDNA repeats, differing by size and composition of its non-transcribed spacer (NTS), have been found in diverse taxa. Both concerted evolution and birth-and-death evolution have proven to play important roles in the evolution of the 5S rDNA family. In anurans, however, this subject has been underexplored as only a few anuran species had their 5S rDNA characterized and evolutionary analyzed to date. In the present study, we characterized the 5S rDNA sequences from species of two anuran families using classical molecular biology techniques and bioinformatic approaches. Based on the NTS, more than one type of 5S rDNA was identified in each analyzed species, which suggests that birth-and-death processes take part in the evolution of these sequences along the Anura tree of life. In addition, closely related species shared the same types of sequences, in accordance with the model of concerted evolution. We also found evidence of recombination between 5S rDNA and PcP190 satellite DNA, a repetitive sequence that is derived from the 5S rDNA. The interplay between 5S rDNA and PcP190 satellite DNA might favor the maintenance of the latter in the genome and respond to its presence in several species of frogs. The analysis of 5S rRNA transcripts confirmed the type I 5S rDNA of leiuperine as a functional 5S rRNA gene. Finally, the chromosome mapping of 5S rDNA sequences allowed some inferences of chromosome homology in Leiuperinae. In conclusion, our study provides additional information about the organization, differentiation and functionality of 5S rDNA in anuran species, revealing the potential participation of satellite DNA in the evolution of this family of rDNA.

Dynamic ultrasound evaluation of body fillers and biostimulators in the buttocks of fresh-frozen specimen.

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound imaging is a useful tool to study the injection of fillers and biostimulators in the body. OBJECTIVE: Sonographically evaluate real-time injections of fillers and biostimulators and describe their behavior in the subcutaneous tissue of the buttocks of fresh-frozen specimen. METHODS: injection of two brands of high-density hyaluronic acid (HA), one brand of calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA), one brand of hybrid injectable (CaHa + HA), one brand of polycaprolactone (PCL) and three brands of poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) were performed in the subcutaneous tissue of the gluteal region under ultrasonography visualization on a fresh-frozen specimen. Videos during injection and static images immediately after injection were obtained. The sonographic aspects of the substances and their dispersion and interaction with the surrounding tissues were described. RESULTS: Real-time ultrasound showed different dispersion patterns of the two brands of HA, CaHA, hybrid injectable (CaHa + HA) and the three brands of PLLA. The sonographic aspects among the brands of PLLA were also different. CONCLUSIONS: The dynamic ultrasound evaluation of the injection of HA, CaHA, hybrid injectable (CaHa + HA), PCL and PLLA in a fresh-frozen specimen shed some light on their aspects and dispersion pattern in the buttock. If these patterns are confirmed in further studies in vivo, there will be a positive impact on the selection and development of safer and more effective techniques to enhance buttock contour.

Sequencing of laser captured Z and W chromosomes of the tocantins paradoxical frog (Pseudis tocantins) provides insights on repeatome and chromosomal homology.

Pseudis tocantins is the only frog species of the hylid genus Pseudis that possesses highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Z and W chromosomes of Ps. tocantins differ in size, morphology, position of the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) and the amount and distribution of heterochromatin. A chromosomal inversion and heterochromatin amplification on the W chromosome were previously inferred to be involved in the evolution of this sex chromosome pair. Despite these findings, knowledge related to the molecular composition of the large heterochromatic band of this W chromosome is restricted to the PcP190 satellite DNA, and no data are available regarding the gene content of either the W or the Z chromosome of Ps. tocantins. Here, we sequenced microdissected Z and W chromosomes of this species to further resolve their molecular composition. Comparative genomic analysis suggests that Ps. tocantins sex chromosomes are likely homologous to chromosomes 4 and 10 of Xenopus tropicalis. Analyses of the repetitive DNA landscape in the Z and W assemblies allowed for the identification of several transposable elements and putative satellite DNA sequences. Finally, some transposable elements from the W assembly were found to be highly diverse and divergent from elements found elsewhere in the genome, suggesting a rapid amplification of these elements on the W chromosome.

Cytogenetics of four foam-nesting frog species of the Physalaemus gracilis group (Anura, Leptodactylidae).

Intending to increase the knowledge about cytogenetics of Physalaemus and the sparsely studied P. gracilis group, we analyzed the karyotypes of P. carrizorum, P. gracilis, P. lisei, and P. sp. aff. gracilis. We studied chromosome morphology, heterochromatin patterns, Ag-NORs location and mapped the repetitive DNA sequence PcP190. All species showed diploid karyotypes composed of 22 bi-armed chromosomes and similar C- bands and Ag-NOR patterns. C-bands were mainly centromeric and pericentromeric; non-centromeric C-bands were detected on the telomeres of pair 1 in P. lisei, although polymorphic, and interstitially on pair 10 of P. gracilis. This last character is useful to distinguish P. gracilis from its sibling species P. sp. aff. gracilis. The Ag-NOR sites were detected on the long arms of chromosome pair 8 but with a variable position among species. Clusters of PcP190 showed centromeric and pericentromeric positions coincident with conspicuous C-bands, on pairs 2 and 9 in P. gracilis and P. sp. aff. gracilis, pair 3 in P. carrizorum, and pair 7 in P. lisei. These results significantly increase the knowledge about Physalaemus cytogenetics and encourage further studies on the satellite PcP190 in other genera of Leiuperinae to better understand its taxonomic distribution and the evolutionary dynamics.

Reações contratransferenciais de psicoterapeutas frente a uma paciente borderline em psicoterapia: um estudo qualitativo / Countertransferential reactions of psychotherapists towards a borderline patient in psychotherapy: a qualitative study

A contratransferência (CT) é um elemento do relacionamento terapêutico que possui valor clínico, especialmente com pacientes com personalidade borderline (PB). Este estudo, qualitativo e exploratório, visou identificar os sentimentos despertados em psicoterapeutas frente a um caso de paciente com PB, buscando compreendê-los em relação às características da paciente ou da sua narrativa, bem como explorar de que forma a CT seria idealmente manejada. Oito psicoterapeutas assistiram ao vídeo de uma sessão real com paciente com PB e, após, responderam a uma entrevista. As transcrições das entrevistas foram analisadas com o método Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR). Os dados organizaram-se em relação às facetas da CT, características da paciente que mobilizam afetos, e manejo da CT. Os resultados sugerem que pacientes com PB tendem a suscitar sentimentos intensos, vinculados a sua história e seu funcionamento em situação observacional, apontando para a viabilidade do método para o estudo empírico da CT. Resultados de estudos como esse podem ser utilizados como guia para jovens terapeutas compreenderem o mundo interno dos seus pacientes. A validação empírica de hipóteses clínicas fortalece a teorização e enriquece a prática psicanalítica.(AU)

Countertransference (CT) is an element of the therapeutic relationship that has clinical value, especially with borderline personality patients (BP). This qualitative and exploratory study aimed to identify the feelings aroused in psychotherapists in the case of a BP patient, seeking to understand them in relation to the patient's characteristics or her narrative, as well as exploring how the CT would be ideally managed. Eight psychotherapists watched the video of a real session with a BP patient and responded to an interview. The interview transcripts were analyzed using the Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) method. The data were organized in relation to the facets of the CT, characteristics of the patient that mobilize affections, and management of the CT. The results suggest that patients with BP tend to elicit intense feelings, linked to their history and functioning, in an observational situation, pointing to the feasibility of the method for the empirical study of CT. Results from studies like this one can be used as a guide for young therapists to understand the inner world of their patients. Empirical validation of clinical hypotheses strengthens theorization and enriches psychoanalytic practice.(AU)

La contratransferencia (CT) es un elemento de la relación terapéutica que tiene valor clínico, especialmente en pacientes con personalidad límite (BP). Este estudio cualitativo y exploratorio tuvo como objetivo identificar los sentimientos que despiertan los psicoterapeutas en el caso de un paciente con BP, buscando comprenderlos en relación con las características de la paciente o su narrativa, así como explorar cómo se manejaría idealmente la CT. Ocho psicoterapeutas vieron el video de una sesión real y luego respondieron a una entrevista. Las transcripciones de las entrevistas se analizaron utilizando el método de Investigación Cualitativa Consensual (CQR). Los datos se organizaron en relación a las facetas del CT, características del paciente que movilizan afectos y manejo de la CT. Los resultados sugieren que los pacientes con BP tienden a provocar sentimientos intensos, ligados a su historia y funcionamiento, en una situación de observación, lo que apunta a la viabilidad del método para el estudio empírico de la CT. Los resultados de estudios como este pueden usarse como una guía para que los terapeutas jóvenes comprendan el mundo interior de sus pacientes. La validación empírica de hipótesis clínicas fortalece la teorización y enriquece la práctica psicoanalítica.(AU)

Saúde mental do enfermeiro frente ao setor de emergência e a reanimação cardiopulmonar / Nurses' mental health in front of the emergency sector and cardiopulmonary resumption / Salud mental de las enfermeras del sector de urgencias y reanimación cardiopulmonar

Objetivos: Reconhecer a percepção do enfermeiro(a) sobre a sua saúde mental em unidade de emergência e diante da reanimação cardiopulmonar.Método: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, realizado nosetor de emergência de uma instituição de cardiologia do estado de Santa Catarina. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de questionário semiestruturado, de forma online, e os dados foram analisados através da metodologia de Bardin. Resultados: Metade dos participantes realiza ou já realizou acompanhamento com o psicólogo/psiquiatra.Alguns participantes relataram piora da sua saúde mental ao atuar no setor de emergência.Dentre os fatores estressantes apresentados no setor de emergência, destacaram-se o excesso de atribuições e a baixa remuneração.Sentimentos como tristeza e conformismo foram identificados durante a reanimação cardiopulmonar. Cerca de metade dos profissionais afirmou se sentir estressado em relação ao trabalho. Consideraçõesfinais: Os profissionais enfermeiros não perceberam piora da saúde mental em decorrência da atuação no setor de emergência, entretanto foram apontam fatores e sintomas de estresse diante do setor em questão. Constatou-se que a falha na ressuscitação cardio pulmonarocasiona desmotivação e tristeza, contribuindo para o sofrimento psíquico. É crucial favorecer o entendimento da saúde mental do enfermeiro frente ao setor de emergência e realizar novas discussões e reflexões acerca desta temática.

Objectives: To recognize the nurses' perception of their mental health in an emergency unit and in the face of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Method:This is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study carried out in the emergency department of a cardiology institution in the state of Santa Catarina. Data collection took place through a semi-structured online questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using Bardin's methodology. Results:Half of the participants perform or have already performed follow-up with the psychologist/psychiatrist Some participants reported worsening of their mental health when working in the emergency department. Among the stressors presented in the emergency sector, the excess of assignments and low remuneration stood out. Feelings such as sadness and conformism were identified during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. About half of the professionals said they felt stressed about work. Final considerations:Nursing professionals did not perceive the occurrence of mental health as a result of working in the emergency sector, however, they were identified as worse factors and symptoms of stress in the sector in question. It was found that the failure in occasional cardio pulmonary resuscitation demotivation and sadness, suffered psychic suffering. It is crucial to promote the understanding of nurses' mental health in the emergency sector and carry out further discussions on this topic.

Objetivos: Reconocer la percepción de los enfermeros sobre su salud mental en una unidad de emergencia y frente a la reanimación cardiopulmonar.Método:Este es un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio realizado en el servicio de urgencias de una institución de cardiología en el estado de Santa Catarina. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de un cuestionario en línea semiestructurado, y los datos se analizaron utilizando la metodología de Bardin. Resultados:La mitad de los participantes realizan o ya realizaron seguimiento con el psicólogo/psiquiatra. Algunos participantes informaron empeoramiento de su salud mental cuando trabajaban en el servicio de urgencias. Entre los estresores presentados en el sector de emergencia, se destacó el exceso de asignaciones y la baja remuneración. Se identificaron sentimientos como tristeza y conformismo durante la reanimación cardiopulmonar. Cerca de la mitad de los profesionales dijeron sentirse estresados por el trabajo. Consideraciones finales:Los profesionales de enfermería no percibieron la ocurrencia de salud mental como consecuencia del trabajo en el sector de emergencia, sin embargo, fueron identificados como peores factores y síntomas de estrés en el sector en cuestión. Seconstató que la falla en la reanimación cardiopulmonar ocasional, la desmotivación y la tristeza, padecían sufrimiento psíquico. Es crucial promover la comprensión de la salud mental de los enfermeros en el sector de emergencia y llevar a cabo más discusiones sobre este tema.

Rapid karyotypic evolution with high diploid number variation in a rare genus of bromeligenous frogs.

Bromeligenous Crossodactylodes is a leptodactylid genus closely related to Paratelmatobius and Scythrophrys. The diploid number in all karyotyped species of these two latter genera is 24, which diverges from the modal diploid number (2n = 22) in the family. Here, we analyzed three species of Crossodactylodes and found karyotypes with 2n = 30, 2n = 32, and 2n = 36, diploid numbers that have not been reported in any other diploid leptodactylid species to date. Reconstruction of the ancestral chromosome number indicated that the diploid number changed from 22 to 24 in the common ancestor of Crossodactylodes, Paratelmatobius, and Scythrophrys, and that progressive increases in diploid number have occurred in Crossodactylodes. The large number of telocentric/subtelocentric chromosomes in karyotypes with higher diploid numbers raises the possibility that centric fissions may have occurred during the evolution of Paratelmatobiinae. Three metacentric chromosomes, probably involved in fission events, were inferred to be present in the common ancestor of all species of Crossodactylodes, but in C. bokermanni. Chromosome mapping of the satellite DNA PcP190 suggests homology between one arm of metacentric chromosome 1 of Crossodactylodes sp. 3 and telocentric chromosome 2 of C. itambe, supporting one of the presumed centric fission events.

LL body contour technique-A new way of gluteal contouring and augmentation with hyaluronic acid filler.

INTRODUCTION: Enhancing and altering body contours has increasingly been the focus of new technologies and techniques in aesthetic treatments. The buttocks are seen as a symbol of beauty, sensuality, and attraction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors described a technique for female and male gluteal augmentation. It uses a special marking, a safe plan, and a specific product. The patients chosen for this technique wanted to have an augmentation or projection effect on the buttocks, but were not willing to undergo surgery. The product used was Sofiderm Subskin Aeskins. The plan of injection was the subcutaneous as no major blood vessels were found. RESULTS: The authors report good aesthetic results with the proposed technique. The patients reported a high degree of satisfaction. DISCUSSION: The product chosen has a high G prime and a larger molecule size, which accounts for resistance to deformation and a high lifting power. Thus, result can be visible in a large body area. As the anatomy between male and female buttocks are different, different techniques were used for each gender. CONCLUSION: The LL body contour technique for gluteal augmentation proved to be a minimally invasive technique, with quick results, without major risks and downtime.

Comparative mapping of a new repetitive DNA sequence and chromosome region-specific probes unveiling rearrangements in an Amazonian frog complex.

The frog species Physalaemus ephippifer exists in the Amazonian region and harbors heteromorphic Z and W chromosomes. A genetic lineage closely related to this species was recognized based on its mitochondrial DNA and RADseq-style markers, but its taxonomic status is still unclear and has been referred to as Lineage 1 of "P. cuvieri". The heteromorphic sex chromosomes found in P. ephippifer are not present in this lineage and which of its chromosome pairs is homologous to the sex chromosomes of P. ephippifer remain to be elucidated as well as the role of such a karyotypic divergence in the evolution of these frogs. Here, we described a new family of repetitive DNA and used its chromosomal sites along with the markers detected by a probe constructed from the microdissected segment of the Z chromosome of P. ephippifer to infer chromosomal homology. We also analyzed an unnamed species that is considered to be the sister group of the clade composed of Lineage 1 of "P. cuvieri" and P. ephippifer. Our results suggest that complex rearrangements involving the chromosomes that were inferred to be homeologous to the sex chromosomes of P. ephippifer have occurred during the divergence of this group of frogs.

Cytogenetic and genetic data support Crossodactylus aeneus Müller, 1924 as a new junior synonym of C. gaudichaudii Duméril and Bibron, 1841 (Amphibia, Anura).

The nominal anuran species Crossodactylus gaudichaudii Duméril and Bibron, 1841 and Crossodactylus aeneus Müller, 1924 are indistinguishable based on adult and larval morphology, being subject of taxonomic doubts. Here, we describe the karyotypes of C. gaudichaudii and C. aeneus, using classical and molecular cytogenetic markers. In addition, we used sequences of the H1 mitochondrial DNA to infer their phylogenetic relationships by Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Maximum Parsimony (MP) approaches and species delimitation test (by bPTP approach). The karyotypic data do not differentiate C. gaudichaudii and C. aeneus in any of the chromosome markers assessed. In both phylogenetic analyses, C. gaudichaudii and C. aeneus were recovered into a strongly supported clade. The species delimitation analysis recovered the specimens assigned to C. gaudichaudii and C. aeneus as a single taxonomic unit. Taken the cytogenetic and genetic results together with previous studies of internal and external morphology of tadpoles and biacoustic pattern, C. gaudichaudii and C. aeneus could not be differentiated, which supports the hypothesis that they correspond to the same taxonomic unit, with C. aeneus being a junior synonym of C. gaudichaudii.

Sex chromosome evolution in frogs-helpful insights from chromosome painting in the genus Engystomops.

The differentiation of sex chromosomes is thought to be interrupted by relatively frequent sex chromosome turnover and/or occasional recombination between sex chromosomes (fountain-of-youth model) in some vertebrate groups as fishes, amphibians, and lizards. As a result, we observe the prevalence of homomorphic sex chromosomes in these groups. Here, we provide evidence for the loss of sex chromosome heteromorphism in the Amazonian frogs of the genus Engystomops, which harbors an intriguing history of sex chromosome evolution. In this species complex composed of two named species, two confirmed unnamed species, and up to three unconfirmed species, highly divergent karyotypes are present, and heteromorphic X and Y chromosomes were previously found in two species. We describe the karyotype of a lineage estimated to be the sister of all remaining Amazonian Engystomops (named Engystomops sp.) and perform chromosome painting techniques using one probe for the Y chromosome and one probe for the non-centromeric heterochromatic bands of the X chromosome of E. freibergi to compare three Engystomops karyotypes. The Y probe detected the Y chromosomes of E. freibergi and E. petersi and one homolog of chromosome pair 11 of Engystomops sp., suggesting their common evolutionary origin. The X probe showed no interspecific hybridization, revealing that X chromosome heterochromatin is strongly divergent among the studied species. In the light of the phylogenetic relationships, our data suggest that sex chromosome heteromorphism may have occurred early in the evolution of the Amazonian Engystomops and have been lost in two unnamed but confirmed candidate species.

Meaning of care for resident older adults, family members and professionals working in long-term care institutions / Significado de la atención a adultos mayores residentes, familiares y profesionales de instituciones de larga estadía / Significado do cuidado para idosos residentes, familiares e profissionais de instituições de longa permanência

ABSTRACT Objective to understand the meaning of care from the perspective of resident older adults, family members and professionals from Long-Term Care Institutions for Older Adults. Method a descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach, developed with 14 resident older adults, 35 family members and 41 professionals from Long Term Care Institutions for Older Adults, located in the city of Florianópolis, Brazil. The data were collected between May 2017 and January 2018, being organized through the Atlas.ti software for the analysis of qualitative data and analyzed according to the content analysis method proposed by Bardin, in the light of the Theory of Social Representations. Results for the older adults, care was linked to three main dimensions: technical care related to the institution, family care, and self-care. The meaning of care from the perspective of family members was related to the moment experienced with the institutionalization of the aged family member, mainly characterized by the dimensions of affective care, when providing comfort and technical care. For the professionals, technical care was related to the affective character. Conclusion care could be understood in different ways, from different perspectives, but it also made it possible to identify points of synchrony among the participants.

RESUMEN Objetivo comprender el significado del cuidado desde la perspectiva de los adultos mayores residentes, familiares y profesionales de las Instituciones de Atención de Larga Estadía para el Adulto Mayor. Método estudio descriptivo y exploratorio, con abordaje cualitativo, desarrollado con 14 adultos mayores residentes, 35 familiares y 41 profesionales de Instituciones de Atención de Larga Estadía para Adultos Mayores, ubicadas en la ciudad de Florianópolis, Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados entre mayo de 2017 y enero de 2018, la organización de los mismos se llevó a cabo a través del software de análisis de datos cualitativos Atlas.ti y el análisis mediante el método de análisis de contenido propuesto por Bardin, a la luz de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Resultados para el adulto mayor, la atención se vinculó a tres dimensiones principales: atención técnica relacionada con la institución, atención familiar y autocuidado. El significado del cuidado desde la perspectiva de los familiares se relacionó con el momento vivido a partir de la institucionalización del familiar anciano, caracterizado principalmente por las dimensiones del cuidado afectivo, al brindar confort y cuidado técnico. Para los profesionales, el cuidado técnico estaba vinculado con el carácter afectivo. Conclusión el cuidado pudo entenderse de diferentes formas, desde diferentes perspectivas, sin embargo, fue posible identificar puntos de sincronía entre los participantes.

RESUMO Objetivo compreender o significado do cuidado na perspectiva de idosos residentes, familiares e profissionais de Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos. Método estudo do tipo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido com 14 idosos residentes, 35 familiares e 41 profissionais de Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos, localizadas na cidade de Florianópolis, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados entre maio de 2017 e janeiro de 2018, sendo organizados através do software para análise de dados qualitativos Atlas.ti e analisados segundo o método de análise de conteúdo proposto por Bardin, à luz da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Resultados para os idosos, o cuidado esteve vinculado a três dimensões principais: o cuidado técnico relacionado à instituição, o cuidado familiar e o cuidado de si. O significado de cuidado na perspectiva de familiares esteve relacionado ao momento vivido com a institucionalização do familiar idoso, caracterizado principalmente pelas dimensões do cuidado afetivo, ao prover conforto e cuidado técnico. Para os profissionais, o cuidado técnico esteve relacionado ao caráter afetivo. Conclusão o cuidado pôde ser compreendido de formas distintas, sob ópticas diferentes, mas que também possibilitou a identificação de pontos de sincronia entre os participantes.

Institucionalização de idosos e cuidado familiar: perspectivas de profissionais de instituições de longa permanência / Institucionalización de ancianos y cuidado familiar: perspectivas de profesionales de instituciones de largo plazo / Institutionalization of elderly and family care: perspectives of professionals from long term facilities

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar o cuidado familiar prestado a idosos institucionalizados, percebido por profissionais de Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos. Método: estudo do tipo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido com 41 profissionais. Dados coletados de maio de 2017 a janeiro de 2018, com entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas. Para organização do processo de análise dos dados, utilizou-se o software Atlas. ti, cujo conteúdo foi submetido à análise de discurso de Bardin. Resultados: as percepções que emergiram das falas dos profissionais participantes sobre a institucionalização tiveram origem nas experiências atuais e vivenciadas. A presença ou ausência da família estava ligada às relações de cuidado, havendo distinção de percepções entre os profissionais das diferentes instituições. Conclusão: percebeu-se que o cuidado familiar, enquanto experiências pessoais para os profissionais, foi significativo para construir as percepções acerca da institucionalização de idosos e do familiar como cuidador.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: identificar el cuidado familiar con ancianos en centros de cuidado, bajo la percepción de profesionales de Centros de cuidado a largo plazo para Ancianos. Método: estudio del tipo descriptivo y exploratorio, con abordaje cualitativo, desarrollado con 41 profesionales. Datos obtenidos de mayo de 2017 a enero de 2018, con entrevistas individuales semi estructuradas. Para organización del proceso de análisis de los datos, se utilizó el software Atlas. ti, cuyo contenido se sometió a análisis de discurso de Bardin. Resultados: las percepciones que resultaron de las entrevistas a los profesionales sobre la institucionalización se asocian a sus experiencias actuales y vividas. La presencia o ausencia de la familia se asocia a las relaciones de cuidado, habiendo distinción de percepciones entre los profesionales de las diferentes instituciones. Conclusión: se notó que el cuidado familiar, de acuerdo a las experiencias personales de los profesionales, fue significativo para construir las percepciones acerca de la institucionalización de ancianos y del familiar como cuidador.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the family care provided to institutionalized elderly people, perceived by professionals from Long Term Care Institutions for the Elderly. Method: descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach, developed with 41 professionals. Data collection took place from May 2017 to January 2018, with individual semi-structured interviews. To organize the data analysis process, the Atlas.ti software was used, whose content was submitted to Bardin's discourse analysis. Results: the perceptions that emerged from the speeches of the participating professionals about institutionalization originated from current and lived experiences. The presence or absence of the family was linked to care relationships, with a distinction of perceptions among professionals from different institutions. Conclusion: it was observed that family care, as personal experiences for professionals, was significant to build perceptions about the institutionalization of the elderly and the family member as a caregiver.

Amphibians from Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil. VI: A New Species of the Physalemus deimaticus Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae).

We describe a new species of Physalaemus assigned to the Physalaemus signifer Clade, and it is morphologically similar to P. rupestris, from the highlands of the Serra do Cipó in the southern Espinhaço Range, State of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. The new species is diagnosed by using the following combination of character states: presence of an arrow-shaped blotch on the dorsum of body; presence of a median longitudinal light stripe over urostyle region; belly and ventral surface of thigh marbled with dark gray irregularly shaped blotches on a bluish background; absence of reddish coloration over axillary and inguinal regions in live individuals; bright orange dots scattered over head, upper lip, and dorsum of body in live individuals; ventral surface of hand and foot red in live individuals; small size (adult male SVL=16.2-18.2 mm); presence of brown, not divided, nuptial pad in males; END/ED in males ranging from 0.85-0.93; supernumerary tubercles on foot absent; tarsal fold absent; tarsal tubercle absent; texture of posterior region of belly and ventral surface of thigh smooth; advertisement call composed of two note types (note A + B); advertisement call duration of 0.80-1.28 s; note A with ascending amplitude until mid-note then descending towards the end of the note; note B with pulses arranged in 5-7 groups; and dominant frequency of note A from 1734.4-2765.6 Hz and of note B from 1507.3-2859.4 Hz. A phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial DNA sequences recovered the new species nested within the Physalaemus deimaticus species group. Additionally, we redescribe the call of Physalaemus rupestris and provide a review of the geographic distribution and conservation status of the species belonging to the P. deimaticus species group.

Extensive Cryptic Diversity Within the Physalaemus cuvieri-Physalaemus ephippifer Species Complex (Amphibia, Anura) Revealed by Cytogenetic, Mitochondrial, and Genomic Markers.

Previous cytogenetic and phylogenetic analyses showed a high variability in the frog taxa Physalaemus cuvieri and Physalaemus ephippifer and suggested the presence of undescribed diversity in this species complex. Here, by 1) adding specimens from the Brazilian Amazon region, 2) employing sequence-based species delimitation approaches, and 3) including RADseq-style markers, we demonstrate that the diversity in the P. cuvieri-P. ephippifer species complex is even greater than previously suspected. Specimens from Viruá and Western Pará, located at the Guiana Amazonian area of endemism, were recovered as distinct from all previously identified lineages by the phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA and RAD markers, a PCA from RAD data, and cytogenetic analysis. The sequence-based species delimitation analyses supported the recognition of one or two undescribed species among these Amazonian specimens and also supported the recognition of at least three other species in the P. cuvieri-P. ephippifer species complex. These new results reinforce the need for a comprehensive taxonomic revision.

Signature of the Paleo-Course Changes in the São Francisco River as Source of Genetic Structure in Neotropical Pithecopus nordestinus (Phyllomedusinae, Anura) Treefrog.

Historical processes that have interrupted gene flow between distinct evolutionary lineages have played a fundamental role in the evolution of the enormous diversity of species found in the Neotropical region. Numerous studies have discussed the role of geographic barriers and Pleistocene forest refugia in the diversification of the region's biodiversity. In the present study, we investigated the relative contribution of these different factors to the evolutionary history of Pithecopus nordestinus, a Neotropical tree frog, which is amply distributed in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and adjacent areas of the Caatinga biome. We used an extensive sample and multilocus DNA sequences to provide an overview of the intraspecific genetic diversity of P. nordestinus, characterize historical diversification patterns, and identify possible phylogenetic splits. We tested different scenarios of diversification based on Pleistocene Refugia and river barrier models using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) and ecological niche modeling (ENM). The phylogenetic approach indicate the occurrence of processes of phylogeographic divergence in both time and space, related to historical shifts in the course of the São Francisco River during Plio-Pleistocene period, resulting in two principal, highly divergent clades. The ABC model provided strong statistical support for this scenario, confirming the hypothesis that the São Francisco River acted as an effective geographical barrier during vicariant events in the evolutionary history of P. nordestinus. We believe that the climatic changes that occurred during the Pleistocene also played a secondary role in the genetic signatures identified, reinforcing the divergence of populations isolated by physical barriers. These findings reinforce the conclusion that the two models of diversification (geographic barriers and refugia) are not mutually exclusive in the Neotropical domain but may interact extensively during the diversification of species on a regional scale.

Satellite DNA Mapping in Pseudis fusca (Hylidae, Pseudinae) Provides New Insights into Sex Chromosome Evolution in Paradoxical Frogs.

In the frog genus Pseudis, previous works found a sex-linked heteromorphism of the PcP190 satellite DNA in the nucleolus organizer region (NOR)-bearing chromosome pairs of Pseudis bolbodactyla and Pseudis tocantins, which possess a ZZ/ZW sex determination system. A pericentromeric inversion was inferred to have occurred during W chromosome evolution, moving a chromosomal cluster enriched by the PcP190 from the short arm (as observed in P. bolbodactyla) to the NOR-bearing long arm (as observed in P. tocantins). However, whether such an inversion happened in P. tocantins or in the common ancestor of Pseudis fusca and P. tocantins remained unclear. To assess this question, we mapped PcP190 in the karyotype of P. fusca from three distinct localities. Southern blotting was used to compare males and females. The mitochondrial H1 fragment (which contains the 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), tRNAval, and 16S rRNA genes) and cytochrome b gene were partially sequenced, and a species tree was inferred to guide our analysis. Pseudis fusca specimens were placed together as the sister group of P. tocantins, but based on genetic distance, one of the analyzed populations is probably an undescribed species. A cluster of PcP190, located in the long arm of chromosome 7, is sex linked in this putative new species but not in the remaining P. fusca. We could infer that the pericentromeric inversion that moved the PcP190 site to the NOR-bearing chromosome arm (long arm) occurred in the common ancestor of P. fusca, the putative undescribed species, and P. tocantins.

Atlantic West Ophiothrix spp. in the scope of integrative taxonomy: Confirming the existence of Ophiothrix trindadensis Tommasi, 1970.

We re-describe and confirm the validity of Ophiothrix trindadensis Tommasi, 1970 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). This is a native species from Brazil, however it lacked a type series deposited in scientific collections. The recognition of O. trindadensis was made possible using integrative taxonomy applied to many specimens from the type locality (Trindade Island) as well as from different locations along the Brazilian coast (Araçá Bay and Estuarine Complex of Paranaguá). Initially, 835 specimens were studied and divided into four candidate species (CS) inferred from external morphological characters. Afterwards, the CSs were compared using integrative taxonomy based on external morphology, arm microstructures morphology (arm ossicle), morphometry, and molecular studies (fragments of the mitochondrial genes 16S and COI). Analyses indicated CS1 and CS2 as O. trindadensis, and CS3 as O. angulata, both valid species. CS4 remains O. cf. angulata as more data, including their ecology and physiology, are needed to be definitively clarified. Our integrative investigation using specimens from the type locality overcame the lack of type specimens and increased the reliable identification of O. trindadensis and O. angulata.